A child sits on a rug pressing one finger to a big phone's smooth glass screen, and a soft glowing spot lights up right under the fingertip.

How does a touchscreen know?

Many phones use a capacitive touchscreen. Smooth glass hides a sensor that finds your tap. Explore our pretend phone to see the electrical clue it uses.

First secret: your body contains salty water with tiny charged particles. Those particles can move, making your body a conductor. A nearby conductor can change the screen’s electrical pattern.

Charged particles can move inside your body's salty waterA complete arm extends from a green sleeve. A magnifier points to fluid inside the arm, showing blue water with positive and negative particles and short sideways motion arrows. The particles remain inside the body; there is no cup. −−−+++ Inside your body:salty watercharges can move

Second secret: the glass hides a grid. Tap to switch it on — tiny squares sense changes in stored charge when a conductor comes near.

tap to see the hidden grid

A finger or a metal spoon held in your hand is a conductor that can change the grid’s signal. An ordinary plastic tip is an insulator; in our model, its signal is too small to detect.

Finger changes a signal beneath glass; plastic does notMatched tips touch insulating glass. Only the finger changes a sensor cell. Charges stay below glass.bare fingerinsulating glasssignal changesplastic tipinsulating glassno detected changesensor charges stay below the glass

Your turn. Pick a toucher, then tap a spot on the screen — watch the charge meter.

⚡ signal change at the gridnothing yet

A nearby conductor changes the signal. Tap and compare.

But you never tried pressing…

A hand in a thick grey-blue wool glove presses down hard on a phone's blue glass screen, with three big arrows pushing straight down and squish lines around the flattened fingertip.

Put on a thick wool glove and mash the screen as hard as you can. Surely all that force pushes a touch through… 🤔 Dry wool’s charges cannot move freely like those in salty body water or metal.

Our model detects an electrical change from a bare finger.

Wearing a thick wool glove, you press the screen as hard as you can. Does it notice your tap?